Associate Professor Jed Montayre

Journal Articles

• Thaggard, S., Boon-Nanai, J., Tautolo, E. and Montayre, J. (2023), 'Experiences of elder abuse in Pacific Island communities of Aotearoa New Zealand : a cultural lens', Journal of Population Ageing, vol 16, no 2 , pp 437 - 458.
• Gautam, S., Montayre, J. and Neville, S. (2023), 'Spiritual care provision in residential aged care facilities : perspectives of Nepalese residents, nurses, and caregivers', Journal of Religion, Spirituality and Aging, vol 35, no 1 , pp 40 - 55.
• Chang, H., Chang, H., Ho, M., Zhang, W., Yuan, F., Kasa, A. and Montayre, J. (2023), 'Comparison of perceived general health status between suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 and identifying the nursing diagnoses : a cross-sectional study', Nursing Open, vol 10, no 3 , pp 1656 - 1661.
• Cabote, C., Salamonson, Y., Trajkovski, S., Maneze, D. and Montayre, J. (2023), 'The needs of older people with dementia from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds living in residential aged care : an integrative review', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol 32, no 17-18 , pp 5430 - 5444.
• Skaria, R. and Montayre, J. (2023), 'Cultural intelligence and intercultural effectiveness among nurse educators : a mixed-method study', Nurse Education Today, vol 121 .
• Igwe, E., Nealon, J., O'Shaughnessy, P., Bowden, A., Chang, H., Ho, M., Montayre, J., Montgomery, A., Rolls, K., Chou, K., Chen, K., Traynor, V. and Smerdely, P. (2023), 'Incidence of postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing surgical procedures : a systematic literature review and meta-analysis', Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, vol 20, no 3 , pp 220 - 237.
• Ranasinghe, U., Tang, L., Harris, C., Li, W., Montayre, J., de Almeida Neto, A. and Antoniou, M. (2023), 'A systematic review on workplace health and safety of ageing construction workers', Safety Science, vol 167 .
• Salamonson, Y., Salamonson, Y., Maneze, D., Smith, B., Duff, J., Theobald, K., Montayre, J., McTier, L. and Donnelly, F. (2023), 'Are men treated differently in clinical placements during nursing studies? : a cross-sectional study', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol 32, no 17-18 , pp 6354 - 6365.
• Zhao, I., Parial, L., Montayre, J., Golub, J., Ng, J., Sweetow, R., Chan, E. and Leung, A. (2023), 'Social engagement and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between age-related hearing loss and cognitive status', International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol 38, no 8 .
• Montayre, J., Maneze, D., Salamonson, Y., Tan, J. and Possamai-Inesedy, A. (2023), 'The making of age-friendly universities : a scoping review', Gerontologist, vol 63, no 8 , pp 1311 - 1319.
• Ho, M., Chu, F., Lin, Y., Montayre, J., Chuang, Y., Liu, M. and Chang, C. (2022), 'Factors associated with comfort as perceived by older people living in long-term care facilities', Collegian, vol 29, no 1 , pp 9 - 15.
• Saravanakumar, P., Garrett, N., Wissen, K., Montayre, J. and McBride-Henry, K. (2022), 'Social connectedness and self-perceived health of older adults in New Zealand', Health and Social Care in the Community, vol 30, no 3 , pp 647 - 656.
• Boon-Nanai, J., Thaggard, S. and Montayre, J. (2022), ''I just want to be a grandmother, not a caregiver for their kids' : perceptions of childminding among Pacific grandparents living in Aotearoa, New Zealand', Health and Social Care in the Community, vol 30, no 4 , pp 1599 - 1607.
• Adolfo, C., Almazan, J., Cruz, J., Albougami, A., Roque, M. and Montayre, J. (2022), 'Saudi Arabian nurses' workaholic tendencies and their predictive role in professional quality of life', Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, vol 58, no 3 , pp 1144 - 1152.
• Al-Amer, R., Al-Amer, R., Maneze, D., Everett, B., Montayre, J., Villarosa, A., Dwekat, E. and Salamonson, Y. (2022), 'COVID-19 vaccination intention in the first year of the pandemic : a systematic review', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol 31, no 1-2 , pp 62 - 86.
• Alex, J., Ferguson, C., Ramjan, L., Montayre, J., Lombardo, L. and Salamonson, Y. (2022), 'Bundle-of-care interventions to improve self-management of patients with urinary catheters : study protocol', Collegian, vol 29, no 3 , pp 405 - 413.
• Yan, Z., Chang, H., Chang, H., Montayre, J. and Ho, M. (2022), 'How does geriatric nursing education program change the knowledge, attitude and working intention among undergraduate nursing students? : a systematic literature review', Nurse Education Today, vol 108 .
• Ho, M., Lee, Y., Wang, M., Lin, Y., Chang, H., Chang, H., Lin, Y., Chuang, Y., Liu, M., Chang, C. and Montayre, J. (2022), 'Screening malnutrition in long-term care facility : a cross-sectional study comparing mini nutritional assessment (MNA) and minimum data set (MDS)', Collegian, vol 29, no 4 , pp 465 - 470.
• Montayre, J., Saravanakumar, P., Zhao, I., Holroyd, E., Adams, J. and Neville, S. (2022), 'Holding on and letting go : views about filial piety among adult children living in New Zealand', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol 31, no 19-20 , pp 2797 - 2804.
• Gautam, S., Montayre, J. and Neville, S. (2022), 'Making meaning of the new identity-as-residents : a grounded theory study', Nursing and Health Sciences, vol 24, no 1 , pp 101 - 112.
• Gautam, S., Montayre, J. and Neville, S. (2022), 'Seeking and maintaining connections : a grounded theory study of maintaining spirituality in residential aged care facilities', International Journal of Older People Nursing, vol 17, no 3 .
• Montayre, J., Ho, M., Chang, H., Chang, H., Liu, M., Chang, C. and Fernandez, R. (2022), 'Predictors of health-related quality of life in older New Zealanders with cardiovascular health problems', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 41, no 2 , pp 274 - 281.
• Zhang, W., Montayre, J., Ho, M., Yuan, F., Chang, H. and Chang, H. (2022), 'The COVID-19 pandemic : narratives of front-line nurses from Wuhan, China', Nursing and Health Sciences, vol 24, no 1 , pp 304 - 311.
• Lin, Y., Liu, M., Ho, M., Lin, Y., Hsiao, Y., Wang, M., Chang, C. and Montayre, J. (2022), 'A pilot study of interactive-video games in people with mild cognitive impairment', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol 19, no 6 .
• Alex, J., Maneze, D., Ramjan, L., Ferguson, C., Montayre, J. and Salamonson, Y. (2022), 'Effectiveness of nurse-targeted education interventions on clinical outcomes for patients with indwelling urinary catheters : a systematic review', Nurse Education Today, vol 112 .
• Montayre, J., Neville, S., Dimalapang, E. and Ferguson, C. (2022), 'Cardiovascular health profile of Filipinos living in New Zealand : a cross-sectional survey', Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, vol 38, no 1 , pp 38 - 48.
• Chiu, C., Lo, Y., Ho, M., Montayre, J. and Zhao, I. (2022), 'Association between loneliness and acceptance of using robots and pets as companions among older Chinese immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 41, no 3 , pp 414 - 423.
• Adams, J., Manalastas, E., Coquilla, R., Montayre, J. and Neville, S. (2022), 'Exploring understandings of sexuality among "gay" migrant Filipinos living in New Zealand', SAGE Open, vol 12, no 2 .
• Montayre, J., Liu, M., Calma, K., Zhao, I. and Ho, M. (2022), 'Nurse visit utilization and blood pressure control : a multi-cohort study in New Zealand', Public Health Nursing, vol 39, no 6 , pp 1181 - 1187.
• Lee, C., Ho, M., Joo, J., Montayre, J., Lin, Y., Chang, C. and Liu, M. (2022), 'Gender differences in the association between oral health literacy and oral health-related quality of life in older adults', BMC Oral Health, vol 22, no 1 .
• Montayre, J., Liu, M., Wang, T., Zhao, I., Dimalapang, E., Chang, H. and Ho, M. (2022), 'Diagnostic evaluation of depression screening tools in Asian New Zealanders', Clinical Nursing Research, vol 31, no 8 , pp 1472 - 1480.
• Patel, D., Montayre, J., Karamacoska, D. and Siette, J. (2022), 'Progressing dementia risk reduction initiatives for culturally and linguistically diverse older adults in Australia', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 41, no 4 , pp 579 - 584.
• Ho, M., Montayre, J., Liu, M. and Chang, H. (2022), 'Community services for older people : a cross-sectional study to explore awareness and the degree of need for long-term care resources', Contemporary Nurse, vol 58, no 2-3 , pp 153 - 160.
• Montayre, J., Alananzeh, I., Bail, K., Barnewall, K., Beament, T., Campbell, S., Carmody, C., Chan, A., Donnelly, F., Duff, J., Ferguson, C., Gibson, J., Harbour, P., Ireland, C., Liu, X., Luyke, P., Maneze, D., McDonall, J., McTier, L., Mulquiney, T., O'Brien, J., Pelentsov, L., Ramjan, L., Reedy, N., Richards, G., Roche, M., Smith, B., Tan, J., Theobald, K., Tori, K., Wall, P., Wallis, E., Yokota, L., Zugai, J. and Salamonson, Y. (2022), 'Development and psychometric testing of the gender misconceptions of men in nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students', Contemporary Nurse, vol 58, no 4 , pp 253 - 263.
• Deng, S., Zhao, I., Ho, M., Saravanakumar, P., Molassiotis, A. and Montayre, J. (2022), 'Rural-urban disparities in healthy ageing : evidence from a national study in China', Collegian, vol 29, no 6 , pp 843 - 849.
• Montayre, J., Foster, J., Zhao, I., Kong, A., Leung, A., Molassiotis, A., Officer, A., Mikton, C. and Neville, S. (2022), 'Age-friendly interventions in rural and remote areas : a scoping review', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 41, no 4 , pp 490 - 500.
• Adams, J., Coquilla, R., Montayre, J., Manalastas, E. and Neville, S. (2021), 'Views about HIV and sexual health among gay and bisexual Filipino men living in New Zealand', International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, vol 59, no 6 , pp 342 - 353.
• Montayre, J. and Ho, M. (2021), 'Factors associated with ED use among new Asian immigrants in New Zealand : a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data', Journal of Emergency Nursing, vol 47, no 1 , pp 157 - 166.
• Spencer, J., Damanik, R., Ho, M., Montayre, J., Traynor, V., Chang, C., Chang, H. and Chang, H. (2021), 'Review of food intake difficulty assessment tools for people with dementia', Western Journal of Nursing Research, vol 43, no 12 , pp 1132 - 1145.
• Montayre, J., Ramjan, L., Maneze, D., Ho, M., Maceri, A. and Salamonson, Y. (2021), '"Connecting the dots" : the transfer of bioscience knowledge by new graduate nurses to the clinical setting : a qualitative study', Nurse Education Today, vol 97 .
• Lim, A., Garriock, J., Moody, I., Frischtak, H., Montayre, J. and Arroll, B. (2021), 'Potentially inappropriate medicines for older adults with intellectual disability : clinical implications from a medication audit', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 40, no 3 , pp 207 - 214.
• Chang, H., Chang, H., Ho, M., Traynor, V., Tang, L., Liu, M., Chien, H., Chan, S. and Montayre, J. (2021), 'Mandarin version of dementia and driving decision aid (DDDA) : development and stakeholder evaluation in Taiwan', International Journal of Older People Nursing, vol 16, no 3 .
• Ho, M., Traynor, V., Chen, K., Montayre, J., Lin, Y., Chang, H. and Chang, H. (2021), 'Delirium care knowledge of critical care nurses : a multiple-choice question based quiz', Nursing in Critical Care, vol 26, no 3 , pp 190 - 200.
• Oda, K., Montayre, J., Parsons, J. and Boyd, M. (2021), 'Oral care in hospital settings : breaking the vicious circle of older adult deconditioning', Journal of Gerontological Nursing, vol 47, no 6 , pp 7 - 12.
• Liu, M., Ho, M., Montayre, J., Wang, Y. and Lin, C. (2021), 'Palliative care development in Asia Pacific region : a review of assessment indicators', Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol 62, no 5 , pp 1008 - 1014.
• Ho, M., Yu, L., Lin, P., Chang, H., Chang, H., Traynor, V., Huang, W., Montayre, J. and Chen, K. (2021), 'Effects of a simulation-based education programme on delirium care for critical care nurses : a randomized controlled trial', Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol 77, no 8 , pp 3483 - 3493.
• Neville, S., Montayre, J., Napier, S., Macdiarmid, R., Holroyd, E., Britnell, S. and Ripley, P. (2021), 'Blended learning in Aotearoa New Zealand and Australian programmes that lead to registration as a nurse : an integrative review', Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, vol 37, no 2 , pp 7 - 23.
• Smith, B., Rojo, J., Everett, B., Montayre, J., Sierra, J. and Salamonson, Y. (2021), 'Professional success of men in the nursing workforce : an integrative review', Journal of Nursing Management, vol 29, no 8 , pp 2470 - 2488.
• Ho, M., Nealon, J., Igwe, E., Traynor, V., Chang, H., Chang, H., Chen, K. and Montayre, J. (2021), 'Postoperative delirium in older patients : a systematic review of assessment and incidence of postoperative delirium', Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, vol 18, no 5 , pp 290 - 301.
• Mills, J., Kim, S., Chan, H., Ho, M., Montayre, J., Liu, M. and Lin, C. (2021), 'Palliative care education in the Asia Pacific : challenges and progress towards palliative care development', Progress in Palliative Care, vol 29, no 5 , pp 251 - 254.
• Shannon, K., Montayre, J. and Neville, S. (2021), 'Nothing about us without us : research methods enabling participation for aged care residents who have dementia', International Journal of Qualitative Methods, vol 20 .
• Ho, M., Montayre, J., Chang, H., Chang, H., Joo, J., Sistani, M., Lin, Y., Traynor, V., Chang, C. and Liu, M. (2020), 'Validation and evaluation of the Mandarin version of the oral health literacy adult quesionnaire in Taiwan', Public Health Nursing, vol 37, no 2 , pp 303 - 309.
• Montayre, J., Neville, S., Wright-St Clair, V., Holroyd, E. and Adams, J. (2020), 'Older Filipino immigrants' reconfiguration of traditional filial expectations : a focus ethnographic study', Contemporary Nurse, vol 56, no 1 , pp 1 - 13.
• Montayre, J., Thaggard, S. and Carney, M. (2020), 'Views on the use of the term 'elder orphans' : a qualitative study', Health and Social Care in the Community, vol 28, no 2 , pp 341 - 346.
• Ho, M., Chen, K., Montayre, J., Liu, M., Chang, C., Traynor, V., Hsiao, S., Chang, H., Chang, H. and Chiu, H. (2020), 'Diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis of PRE-DELIRIC (PRediction of DELIRium in ICu patients) : a delirium prediction model in intensive care practice', Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol 57 .
• Montayre, J., Neville, S., Dunn, I., Shrestha-Ranjit, J. and Wright-St. Clair, V. (2020), 'What makes community-based physical activity programs for culturally and linguistically diverse older adults effects? : a systematic review', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 39, no 4 , pp 331 - 340.
• Geia, L., Baird, K., Bail, K., Barclay, L., Bennett, J., Best, O., Birks, M., Blackley, L., Blackman, R., Bonner, A., Bryant, R., Buzzacott, C., Campbell, S., Catling, C., Chamberlain, C., Cox, L., Cross, W., Cruickshank, M., Cummins, A., Dahlen, H., Daly, J., Darbyshire, P., Davidson, P., Denny-Wilson, E., De Souza, R., Doyle, K., Drummond, A., Duff, J., Duffield, C., Dunning, T., East, L., Elliott, D., Elmir, R., Fergie, D., Ferguson, C., Fernandez, R., Flower, D., Foureur, M., Fowler, C., Fry, M., Gorman, E., Grant, J., Gray, J., Halcomb, E., Hart, B., Hartz, D., Hazelton, M., Heaton, L., Hickman, L., Homer, C., Hungerford, C., Hutton, A., Jackson, D., Johnson, A., Kelly, M., Kitson, A., Knight, S., Levett-Jones, T., Lindsay, D., Lovett, R., Luck, L., Malloy, L., Manias, E., Mannix, J., Marriott, R., Martin, M., Massey, D., McCloughen, A., McGough, S., McGrath, L., Mills, J., Mitchell, B., Mohamed, J., Montayre, J., Moroney, T., Moyle, W., Moxham, L., Northam, H., Nowlan, S., O'Brien, T., Ogunsiji, O., Patterson, C., Pennington, K., Peters, K., Phillips, J., Power, T., Procter, N., Ramjan, L., Ramsay, N., Rasmussen, B., Rihari-Thomas, J., Rind, B., Robinson, M., Roche, M., Sainsbury, K., Salamonson, Y., Sherwood, J., Shields, L., Sim, J., Skinner, I., Smallwood, G., Smallwood, R., Stewart, L., Taylor, S., Usher, K., Virdun, C., Wannell, J., Ward, R., West, C., West, R., Wilkes, L., Williams, R., Wilson, R., Wynaden, D. and Wynne, R. (2020), 'A unified call to action from Australian nursing and midwifery leaders : ensuring that Black Lives Matter', Contemporary Nurse, vol 56, no 4 , pp 297 - 308.
• Ho, M., Chang, H., Chang, H., Liu, M., Yuan, L. and Montayre, J. (2020), 'Effectiveness of acupoint pressure on older people with constipation in nursing homes : a double-blind quasi-experimental study', Contemporary Nurse, vol 56, no 5-6 , pp 417 - 427.
• Alex, J., Salamonson, Y., Ramjan, L., Montayre, J., Fitzsimons, J. and Ferguson, C. (2020), 'The impact of educational interventions for patients living with indwelling urinary catheters : a scoping review', Contemporary Nurse, vol 56, no 4 , pp 309 - 330.
• Salvage, J., Montayre, J. and Gunn, M. (2019), 'Being effective at the top table : developing nurses' policy leadership competencies', International Nursing Review, vol 66, no 4 , pp 449 - 452.
• Adams, J., Coquilla, R., Montayre, J. and Neville, S. (2019), 'Knowledge of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among immigrant Asian gay men living in New Zealand', Journal of Primary Health Care, vol 11, no 4 , pp 351 - 358.
• Gautam, S., Neville, S. and Montayre, J. (2019), 'What is known about the spirituality in older adults living in residential care facilities? : an integrative review', International Journal of Older People Nursing, vol 14, no 2 .
• Montayre, J., Dimalapang, E., Sparks, T. and Neville, S. (2019), 'New Zealand nursing students' perceptions of biosciences : a cross-sectional survey of relevance to practice, teaching delivery, self-competence and challenges', Nurse Education Today, vol 79 , pp 48 - 53.
• Montayre, J., Montayre, J. and Thaggard, S. (2019), 'The elder orphan in healthcare settings : an integrative review', Journal of Population Ageing, vol 12, no 4 , pp 515 - 532.
• Thaggard, S. and Montayre, J. (2019), 'Elder orphans' experiences of advance planning and informal support network', SAGE Open, vol 9, no 3 .
• Thaggard, S. and Montayre, J. (2019), '"There was no-one I could turn to because I was ashamed" : shame in the narratives of women affected by IPV', Women's Studies International Forum, vol 74 , pp 218 - 223.
• Montayre, J., Neville, S., Wright-St Clair, V., Holroyd, E. and Adams, J. (2019), 'Late-life living and care arrangements of older Filipino New Zealanders', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol 28, no 3-4 , pp 480 - 488.
• Montayre, J., De-Arth, J., Shrestha-Ranjit, J., Neville, S. and Holroyd, E. (2019), 'Challenges and adjustments in maintaining health and well-being of older Asian immigrants in New Zealand : an integrative review', Australasian Journal on Ageing, vol 38, no 3 , pp 154 - 172.
• Montayre, J. (2019), 'Health and culture : a critical analysis based on studies conducted on older Asian-New Zealanders', Pacific Health, vol 2 .
• Neville, S., Montayre, J. and Jackson, D. (2019), 'What's in a name : how nursing positions older people negatively', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol 28, no 11-12 , pp 2033 - 2034.
• Almeida, S. and Montayre, J. (2019), 'An integrative review of nurse-led virtual clinics', Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, vol 35, no 1 , pp 18 - 28.
• Kampblijambi, J., Montayre, J., Saravanakumar, P. and Holroyd, E. (2018), 'Losing blood and saving lives : recognising the problems and impacts', Midwifery, vol 67 , pp 18 - 25.
• Montayre, J. and Sparks, T. (2018), 'As I haven't seen a T-cell, video-streaming helps : nursing students' preference towards online learning materials for biosciences', Collegian, vol 25, no 5 , pp 487 - 492.
• Neville, S., Wright-St Clair, V., Montayre, J., Adams, J. and Larmer, P. (2018), 'Promoting age-friendly communities : an integrative review of inclusion for older immigrants', Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, vol 33, no 4 , pp 427 - 440.
• Neville, S., Adams, J., Montayre, J., Larmer, P., Garrett, N., Stephens, C. and Alpass, F. (2018), 'Loneliness in men 60 years and over : the association with purpose in life', American Journal of Men's Health, vol 12, no 4 , pp 730 - 739.
• Montayre, J., Montayre, J. and Thaggard, S. (2018), 'Culturally and linguistically diverse older adults and mainstream long-term care facilities', Research in Gerontological Nursing, vol 11, no 5 , pp 265 - 276.
• Montayre, J., Montayre, J. and Holroyd, E. (2018), 'The global Filipino nurse : an integrative review of Filipino nurses' work experiences', Journal of Nursing Management, vol 26, no 4 , pp 338 - 347.
• Montayre, J. (2018), 'Nursing the future : braving possibilities, challenges and dilemmas', Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, vol 34, no 1 , pp 5 - 6.
• Montayre, J., Neville, S. and Holroyd, E. (2017), 'Moving backwards, moving forward : the experiences of older Filipino migrants adjusting to life in New Zealand', International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, vol 12, no 1 .
• Ramsay, S., Montayre, J., Egli, V. and Holroyd, E. (2017), 'Migrant caregiving for family members with mild cognitive impairment : an ethnographic study', Contemporary Nurse, vol 53, no 3 , pp 322 - 334.
• Montayre, J. and Montayre, J. (2017), 'Nursing work in long-term care : an integrative review', Journal of Gerontological Nursing, vol 43, no 11 , pp 41 - 49.
• Montayre, J. and Sparks, T. (2017), 'Important yet unnecessary : nursing students' perceptions of anatomy and physiology laboratory sessions', Teaching and Learning in Nursing, vol 12, no 3 , pp 216 - 219.
• Montayre, J. (2017), 'What makes gerontology nursing a specialty?', Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, vol 23, no 10 , pp 17 - 17.
• Montayre, J. (2017), 'Filipino nurses in aged care : not deskilling at all', Nursing Review, vol 17, no 3 , pp 31 - 31.
• Montayre, J., Montayre, J. and Bandong, C. (2016), 'Family and caregiving values : factors influencing career choice of Filipino nursing students', University of the Visayas Journal of Research, vol 10, no 1 , pp 15 - 20.
• Montayre, J. (2016), 'Migrant nurses need more support', Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, vol 22, no 5 , pp 2 - 2.
• Montayre, J. (2015), 'Negativity surrounds aged-care nursing', Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, vol 21, no 10 , pp 27, 39 - .
• Montayre, J. (2015), 'Critical thinking in nursing education : addressing the theory-practice gap', Nursing Review, vol 15, no 4 , pp 25 - 25.