Professor Chris Lennard

Professor Chris Lennard

Adjunct Professor,
Dean's Unit, School of Science

Professor in Forensic Science,
Dean's Unit - School of Science and Health

Biography

Chris obtained a PhD in Chemistry (Forensic Science) from the ANU in 1986 before taking up a postdoctoral position with the School of Forensic Science at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland (1986 to 1994).  He returned to Australia in 1994 to work for Forensic Services, Australian Federal Police, initially as Coordinator Laboratory Services (1994 to 2002) and then as Manager Forensic Operations Support (2002 to 2006).  In this latter role, he was Chief Scientist, responsible for coordinating forensic R&D across the AFP’s forensic portfolio.  In October 2006, he moved to the University of Canberra and took up the role of Professor of Forensic Studies (Head of Discipline).  After 8 year in this position, he relocated to Sydney in 2014 to the forensic science program at the University of Western Sydney (UWS) at their Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond.  His research interests include the forensic analysis of trace evidence, the evaluation of portable equipment for forensic applications, and the detection of fingermarks.

This information has been contributed by Professor Lennard.

Qualifications

  • PhD The Australian National University
  • BSC(Hons) The Australian National University

Professional Memberships

  • Australian Academy of Forensic Sciences (1994)
  • Australian and New Zealand Forensic Science Society (ANZFSS) (1994)
  • Forensic Science Society (UK) (1990)
  • American Academy of Forensic Sciences (1990)
  • International Association for Identification (1990)
  • The Fingerprint Society (UK) (1990)

Organisational Unit (School / Division)

  • Dean's Unit, School of Science
  • Dean's Unit - School of Science and Health

Contact

Email: C.Lennard@westernsydney.edu.au
Phone: (02) 4570 1739
Mobile:
Location: K12.G.51
Hawkesbury

PLEASE NOTE: obtaining information from this Directory must be for the legitimate purposes of doing business with and within Western Sydney University, and must not be used for unsolicited bulk e-mailing (spamming) or similar purposes.

Teaching

Previous Teaching Areas

  • 300868 Forensic Chemistry, 2018
  • 300911 Complex Forensic Studies, 2018

Publications

Books

  • Champod, C., Lennard, C., Margot, P. and Stoilovic, M. (2017), 'Traces et Empreintes Digitales: Traite de Dactyloscopie', : Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes 9782889151837.
  • Champod, C., Lennard, C., Margot, P. and Stoilovic, M. (2016), 'Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions', : CRC Press 9781498728935.

Chapters in Books

  • Lennard, C. (2019), 'Forensic sciences : fingerprint techniques', Encyclopedia of Analytical Science. Volume 4, Elsevier 9780081019832.
  • Lennard, C. and Wallace, A. (2017), 'Terrorist trials : forensic science and the trial process', Juries, Science and Popular Culture in the Age of Terror: The Case of the Sydney Bomber, Palgrave Macmillan 9781137554741.
  • Woods, B., Lennard, C., Kirkbride, K. and Robertson, J. (2016), 'Reinstating soil examination as a trace evidence sub-discipline', Soil in Criminal and Environmental Forensics: Proceedings of the Soil Forensics Special, 6th European Academy of Forensic Science Conference, The Hague, Springer 9783319331133.
  • Lennard, C. (2013), 'Forensic sciences : fingerprint techniques', Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Elsevier 9780124095472.
  • Lennard, C. (2013), 'Principles of quality assurance', Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Academic Press 9780123821652.
  • Roux, C., Taudte, R. and Lennard, C. (2013), 'X-ray fluorescence in forensic science', Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry: Applications, Theory and Instrumentation, Wiley & Sons 9780470027318.
  • Comber, B., Payne, G. and Lennard, C. (2013), 'Digital imaging', Lee and Gaensslen's Advances in Fingerprint Technology, CRC Press 9781420088342.
  • Stoilovic, M., Speers, N. and Lennard, C. (2013), 'Vacuum metal deposition', Lee and Gaensslen's Advances in Fingerprint Technology, CRC Press 9781420088342.
  • Abraham, J., Kwan, P., Champod, C., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2012), 'An AFIS candidate list centric fingerprint likelihood ratio model based on morphometric and spatial analyses (MSA)', New Trends and Developments in Biometrics, InTech 9789535108597.

Journal Articles

  • Duff, D., Lennard, C., Li, Y., Doyle, C., Edge, K., Holland, I., Lothridge, K., Johnstone, P., Beylerian, P. and Spikmans, V. (2023), 'Portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the in-feld screening of organic pollutants in soil and water at pollution incidents', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol 30, no 40 , pp 93088 - 93102.
  • Wilson, L., Wright, K., Robertson, J. and Lennard, C. (2022), 'Australian biometric system to meet national security objectives. Part II : legislation and policy', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 54, no 1 , pp 133 - 148.
  • Roux, C., Bucht, R., Crispino, F., De Forest, P., Lennard, C., Margot, P., Miranda, M., NicDaeid, N., Ribaux, O., Ross, A. and Willis, S. (2022), 'The Sydney declaration : revisiting the essence of forensic science through its fundamental principles', Forensic Science International, vol 332 .
  • Lee, P., Kanodarwala, F., Lennard, C., Spindler, X., Spikmans, V., Roux, C. and Moret, S. (2022), 'Latent fingermark detection using functionalised silicon oxide nanoparticles : investigation into novel application procedures', Forensic Science International, vol 335 .
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2021), 'Case study : crown prosecution of a British citizen for the extraterritorial murder of Sergeant First Class Randy Johnson, United States 2nd Cavalry Regiment', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 53, no 1 , pp 84 - 95.
  • Wilson, L., Wright, K., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2021), 'Australian biometric system to meet national security objectives. Part I : Technical capabilities', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 53, no 6 , pp 640 - 651.
  • Kanodarwala, F., Moret, S., Spindler, X., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2021), 'Novel upconverting nanoparticles for fingermark detection', Optical Materials, vol 111 .
  • Kanodarwala, F., Lesniewski, A., Olszowska-Los, I., Spindler, X., Pieta, I., Lennard, C., Niedziolka-Jonsson, J., Moret, S. and Roux, C. (2021), 'Fingermark detection using upconverting nanoparticles and comparison with cyanoacrylate fuming', Forensic Science International, vol 326 .
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2020), 'The forensic intelligence continuum in the military context', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 52, no 1 , pp 3 - 15.
  • Lennard, C. (2020), 'Fingermark detection and identification : current research efforts', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 52, no 2 , pp 125 - 145.
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2020), 'Developing a strategic forensic science risk management system as a component of the forensic science system of systems', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 52, no 2 , pp 208 - 221.
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2020), 'Why do we need a systems thinking approach to military forensic science in the contemporary world?', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 52, no 3 , pp 323 - 336.
  • Lam, R., Lennard, C., Kingsland, G., Johnstone, P., Symons, A., Wythes, L., Fewtrell, J., O'Brien, D. and Spikmans, V. (2020), 'Rapid on-site identification of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes using person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Part 2: Water sampling and analysis', Forensic Sciences Research, vol 5, no 2 , pp 150 - 164.
  • Lam, R., Lennard, C., Kingsland, G., Johnstone, P., Symons, A., Wythes, L., Fewtrell, J., O'Brien, D. and Spikmans, V. (2020), 'Rapid on-site identification of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes using person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Part 1: Air sampling and analysis', Forensic Sciences Research, vol 5, no 2 , pp 134 - 149.
  • McCabe, R., Spikmans, V., Wuhrer, R., Spindler, X. and Lennard, C. (2020), 'Evaluation of indanedione application methods for fingermark detection on paper : conventional treatment, vacuum development, and dry-transfer', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 70, no 1 , pp 37 - 58.
  • Thompson, J., Pietsch, L., Phillips, M., Lennard, C., Fuller, S. and Spikmans, V. (2020), 'Assessment of evaporative and photochemical effects on asphaltene profiling of a heavy fuel oil', Environmental Forensics, vol 21, no 2 , pp 212 - 222.
  • Collins, M., Gel, M., Lennard, C., Spikmans, V., Forbes, S. and Anderson, A. (2020), 'Application of a microfluidic gas-to-liquid interface for extraction of target amphetamines and precursors from air samples', Micromachines, vol 11, no 3 .
  • Lee, P., Kanodarwala, F., Lennard, C., Spindler, X., Spikmans, V., Roux, C. and Moret, S. (2020), 'Latent fingermark detection using functionalised silicon oxide nanoparticles : optimisation and comparison with cyanoacrylate fuming', Forensic Science International, vol 315 .
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2019), 'A systems approach to forensic science applied in the military domain', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 51, no 1 , pp 12 - 21.
  • Moret, S., Lee, P., Hunty, M., Spindler, X., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2019), 'Single metal deposition versus physical developer : a comparison between two advanced fingermark detection techniques', Forensic Science International, vol 294 , pp 103 - 112.
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2019), 'The black sheep of forensic science : military forensic and technical exploitation', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 51, no 6 , pp 636 - 648.
  • Lee, P., Kanodarwala, F., Lennard, C., Spindler, X., Spikmans, V., Roux, C. and Moret, S. (2019), 'Latent fingermark detection using functionalised silicon oxide nanoparticles : method optimisation and evaluation', Forensic Science International, vol 298 , pp 372 - 383.
  • Kanodarwala, F., Moret, S., Spindler, X., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2019), 'Nanoparticles used for fingermark detection : a comprehensive review', WIREs Forensic Science, vol 1, no 5 .
  • Riley, B., Lennard, C., Fuller, S. and Spikmans, V. (2018), 'Pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis of crude and heavy fuel oil asphaltenes for application in oil fingerprinting', Environmental Forensics, vol 19, no 1 , pp 14 - 26.
  • Lam, R., Lennard, C., Kingsland, G., Johnstone, P., Symons, A., Wythes, L., Fewtrell, J., O'Brien, D. and Spikmans, V. (2018), 'Person-portable equipment in environmental forensic investigations : application to fire scenes', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 50, no 6 , pp 672 - 681.
  • Hunty, M., Moret, S., Chadwick, S., Lennard, C., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2018), 'An effective Physical Developer (PD) method for use in Australian laboratories', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 50, no 6 , pp 666 - 671.
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2018), 'A systems approach to biometrics in the military domain', Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 63, no 6 , pp 1858 - 1863.
  • Wilson, L., Gahan, M., Robertson, J. and Lennard, C. (2018), 'Fit for purpose quality management system for military forensic exploitation', Forensic Science International, vol 284 , pp 136 - 140.
  • Attard, C. and Lennard, C. (2018), 'Use of gelatin lifters and episcopic coaxial illumination for the recovery and imaging of latent fingermarks from various surfaces', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 68, no 2 , pp 171 - 185.
  • Chadwick, S., Moret, S., Jayashanka, N., Lennard, C., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2018), 'Investigation of some of the factors influencing fingermark detection', Forensic Science International, vol 289 , pp 381 - 389.
  • Moret, S., Scott, E., Barone, A., Liang, K., Lennard, C., Roux, C. and Spindler, X. (2018), 'Metal-organic frameworks for fingermark detection : a feasibility study', Forensic Science International, vol 291 , pp 83 - 93.
  • Leitch, O., Lennard, C., Kirkbride, K. and Anderson, A. (2018), 'Drosophila melanogaster odorant receptors as volatile compound detectors in forensic science : a proof-of-concept study', Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol 410, no 29 , pp 7739 - 7747.
  • Lee, R., Comber, B., Abraham, J., Wagner, M., Lennard, C., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2017), 'Supporting fingerprint identification assessments using a skin stretch model : a preliminary study', Forensic Science International, vol 272 , pp 41 - 49.
  • Chadwick, S., Neskoski, M., Spindler, X., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2017), 'Effect of hand sanitizer on the performance of fingermark detection techniques', Forensic Science International, vol 273 , pp 153 - 160.
  • Frick, A., Fritz, P., Bronswijk, W., Beaudoin, A., Bleay, S., Lennard, C. and Lewis, S. (2017), 'Investigations into the influence of donor traits on performance of fingermark development reagents : part 2 : Oil Red O and PD', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 67, no 3 , pp 427 - 446.
  • Fritz, P., Frick, A., Bronswijk, W., Beaudoin, A., Bleay, S., Lennard, C. and Lewis, S. (2017), 'Investigations into the influence of donor traits on the performance of fingermark development reagents : part 1 : 1,2-indanedione-zinc chloride', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 67, no 3 , pp 410 - 425.
  • Visotin, A. and Lennard, C. (2016), 'Preliminary evaluation of a next-generation portable gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for the on-site analysis of ignitable liquid residues', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 48, no 2 , pp 203 - 221.
  • Woods, B., Lennard, C., Kirkbride, K. and Robertson, J. (2016), 'Soil examination for a forensic trace evidence laboratory - Part 3 : a proposed protocol for the effective triage and management of soil examinations', Forensic Science International, vol 262 , pp 46 - 55.
  • Lam, R., Hofstetter, O., Lennard, C., Roux, C. and Spindler, X. (2016), 'Evaluation of multi-target immunogenic reagents for the detection of latent and body fluid-contaminated fingermarks', Forensic Science International, vol 264 , pp 168 - 175.
  • Riley, B., Lennard, C., Fuller, S. and Spikmans, V. (2016), 'An FTIR method for the analysis of crude and heavy fuel oil asphaltenes to assist in oil fingerprinting', Forensic Science International, vol 266 , pp 555 - 564.
  • Pei Lin, I., Hemmings, J., Otieno-Alego, V., Blee, A., Robertson, J. and Lennard, C. (2016), 'A comparison of conventional microspectrophotometry and hyperspectral imaging for the analysis of blue metallic paint samples', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 66, no 5 , pp 429 - 453.
  • Leitch, O., Papanicolaou, A., Lennard, C., Kirkbride, K. and Anderson, A. (2015), 'Chemosensory genes identified in the antennal transcriptome of the blowfly Calliphora stygia', BMC Genomics, vol 16, no 1 .
  • El-Deftar, M., Robertson, J., Foster, S. and Lennard, C. (2015), 'Evaluation of elemental profiling methods, including laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), for the differentiation of Cannabis plant material grown in different nutrient solutions', Forensic Science International, vol 251 , pp 95 - 106.
  • Spindler, X., Shimmon, R., Roux, C. and Lennard, C. (2015), 'Visualising substrate-fingermark interactions : solid-state NMR spectroscopy of amino acid reagent development on cellulose substrates', Forensic Science International, vol 250 , pp 8 - 16.
  • Fritz, P., Frick, A., Bronswijk, W., Lewis, S., Beaudoin, A., Bleay, S. and Lennard, C. (2015), 'Variability and subjectivity in the grading process for evaluating the performance of latent fingermark detection techniques', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 65, no 5 , pp 851 - 867.
  • Moret, S., Spindler, X., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2015), 'Microscopic examination of fingermark residues : opportunities for fundamental studies', Forensic Science International, vol 255 , pp 28 - 37.
  • Hunty, M., Moret, S., Chadwick, S., Lennard, C., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2015), 'Understanding physical developer (PD). Part I - is PD targeting lipids?', Forensic Science International, vol 257 , pp 481 - 487.
  • Lennard, C., El-Deftar, M. and Robertson, J. (2015), 'Forensic application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for the discrimination of questioned documents', Forensic Science International, vol 254 , pp 68 - 79.
  • Hunty, M., Moret, S., Chadwick, S., Lennard, C., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2015), 'Understanding physical developer (PD). Part II - is PD targeting eccrine constituents?', Forensic Science International, vol 257 , pp 488 - 495.
  • De la Hunty, M., Spindler, X., Chadwick, S., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2014), 'Synthesis and application of an aqueous nile red microemulsion for the development of fingermarks on porous surfaces', Forensic Science International, vol 244 , pp 48 - 55.
  • Nelson, M., Roffey, P., McNevin, D., Lennard, C. and Gahan, M. (2014), 'An overview of biosecurity in Australia', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 46, no 4 , pp 383 - 396.
  • El-Deftar, M., Speers, N., Eggins, S., Foster, S., Robertson, J. and Lennard, C. (2014), 'Assessment and forensic application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the discrimination of Australian window glass', Forensic Science International, vol 241 , pp 46 - 54.
  • Marriott, C., Lee, R., Wilkes, Z., Comber, B., Spindler, X., Roux, C. and Lennard, C. (2014), 'Evaluation of fingermark detection sequences on paper substrates', Forensic Science International, vol 236 , pp 30 - 37.
  • Lennard, C. (2014), 'Fingermark detection and identification : current research efforts', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 46, no 3 , pp 293 - 303.
  • Woods, B., Lennard, C., Kirkbride, K. and Robertson, J. (2014), 'Soil examination for a forensic trace evidence laboratory - Part 1 : spectroscopic techniques', Forensic Science International, vol 245 , pp 187 - 194.
  • Chadwick, S., Xiao, L., Maynard, P., Lennard, C., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2014), 'PolyCyano UV : an investigation into a one-step luminescent cyanoacrylate fuming process', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 46, no 4 , pp 471 - 484.
  • Holt, M., Sears, A. and Lennard, C. (2014), 'Effect of DNA tape lifting on the ability of the ESDA? to recover latent indentations in paper', Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners, vol 17, no 1 , pp 11 - 23.
  • Woods, B., Kirkbride, K., Lennard, C. and Robertson, J. (2014), 'Soil examination for a forensic trace evidence laboratory - part 2 : elemental analysis', Forensic Science International, vol 245 , pp 195 - 201.
  • Abraham, J., Champod, C., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2013), 'Modern statistical models for forensic fingerprint examinations : a critical review', Forensic Science International, vol 232, no 1-3 , pp 131 - 150.
  • Horton, R., Kelly, T., Lenehan, C., Lennard, C., Lewis, S., Lim, K., Roux, C. and Southam, D. (2013), 'Assessing students' attitudes toward forensic science : collecting an expert consensus', Forensic Science Policy & Management, vol 3, no 4 , pp 180 - 188.
  • King, S., Benson, S., Kelly, T. and Lennard, C. (2013), 'Determining the effects of routine fingermark detection techniques on the subsequent recovery and analysis of explosive residues on various substrates', Forensic Science International, vol 233, no 1-3 , pp 257 - 264.
  • Leitch, O., Anderson, A., Kirkbride, K. and Lennard, C. (2013), 'Biological organisms as volatile compound detectors : a review', Forensic Science International, vol 232, no 1-3 , pp 92 - 103.
  • Lennard, C. (2013), 'Fingerprint identification : how far have we come?', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 45, no 4 , pp 356 - 367.
  • Braasch, K., De la Hunty, M., Deppe, J., Spindler, X., Cantu, A., Maynard, P., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2013), 'Nile red : alternative to physical developer for the detection of latent fingermarks on wet porous surfaces?', Forensic Science International, vol 230, no 1-3 , pp 74 - 80.
  • Wood, M., Maynard, P., Spindler, X., Roux, C. and Lennard, C. (2013), 'Selective targeting of fingermarks using immunogenic techniques', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 45, no 2 , pp 211 - 226.
  • Abraham, J., Champod, C., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2013), 'Spatial analysis of corresponding fingerprint features from match and close non-match populations', Forensic Science International, vol 230, no 1-3 , pp 87 - 98.
  • Song-im, N., Benson, S. and Lennard, C. (2013), 'Stability of explosive residues in methanol/water extracts, on alcohol wipes and on a glass surface', Forensic Science International, vol 226, no 1-3 , pp 244 - 253.
  • Song-im, N., Benson, S. and Lennard, C. (2012), 'Evaluation of different sampling media for their potential use as a combined swab for the collection of both organic and inorganic explosive residues', Forensic Science International, vol 222, no 1-3 , pp 102 - 110.
  • Song-im, N., Benson, S. and Lennard, C. (2012), 'Establishing a universal swabbing and clean-up protocol for the combined recovery of organic and inorganic explosive residues', Forensic Science International, vol 223, no 1-3 , pp 136 - 147.
  • Ma, R., Shimmon, R., McDonagh, A., Maynard, P., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2012), 'Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using YVO4:Er,Yb luminescent upconverting particles', Forensic Science International, vol 217, no 1-3 , pp 23 - 26.
  • Chadwick, S., Maynard, P., Kirkbride, K., Lennard, C., McDonagh, A., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2012), 'Styryl dye coated metal oxide powders for the detection of latent fingermarks on non-porous surfaces', Forensic Science International, vol 219, no 1-3 , pp 208 - 214.
  • Montgomery, L., Spindler, X., Maynard, P., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2012), 'Pretreatment strategies for the improved cyanoacrylate development of dry latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 62, no 5 , pp 517 - 542.
  • Wood, M., Maynard, P., Spindler, X., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2012), 'Visualization of latent fingermarks using an aptamer-based reagent', Angewandte Chemie (International Edition), vol 51, no 49 , pp 12272 - 12274.
  • Fung, T., Grimwood, K., Shimmon, R., Spindler, X., Maynard, P., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2011), 'Investigation of hydrogen cyanide generation from the cyanoacrylate fuming process used for latent fingermark detection', Forensic Science International, vol 212, no 1-3 , pp 143 - 149.
  • Chadwick, S., Maynard, P., Kirkbride, K., Lennard, C., Spindler, X. and Roux, C. (2011), 'Use of styryl 11 and STaR 11 for the luminescence enhancement of cyanoacrylate-developed fingermarks in the visible and near-infrared regions', Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 56, no 6 , pp 1505 - 1513.
  • Spindler, X., Hofstetter, O., McDonagh, A., Roux, C. and Lennard, C. (2011), 'Enhancement of latent fingermarks on non-porous surfaces using anti-L-amino acid antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles', Chemical Communications, vol 47, no 19 , pp 5602 - 5604.
  • Ma, R., Bullock, E., Maynard, P., Reedy, B., Shimmon, R., Lennard, C., Roux, C. and McDonagh, A. (2011), 'Fingermark detection on non-porous and semi-porous surfaces using NaYF4:Er,Yb up-converter particles', Forensic Science International, vol 207, no 1-3 , pp 145 - 149.
  • Spindler, X., Shimmon, R., Roux, C. and Lennard, C. (2011), 'The effect of zinc chloride, humidity and the substrate on the reaction of 1,2-indanedione-zinc with amino acids in latent fingermark secretions', Forensic Science International, vol 212, no 1-3 , pp 150 - 157.
  • McLaren, C., Lennard, C. and Stoilovic, M. (2010), 'Methylamine pretreatment of dry latent fingermarks on polyethylene for enhanced detection by cyanoacrylate fuming', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 60, no 2 , pp 199 - 222.
  • Benson, S., Lennard, C., Hill, D., Maynard, P. and Roux, C. (2010), 'Forensic analysis of explosives using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Part 1 : Instrument validation of the DELTAplusXP IRMS for bulk nitrogen isotope ratio measurements', Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 55, no 1 , pp 193 - 204.
  • Jelly, R., Lewis, S., Lennard, C., Lim, K. and Almog, J. (2010), 'Substituted naphthoquinones as novel amino acid sensitive reagents for the detection of latent fingermarks on paper surfaces', Talanta, vol 82, no 5 , pp 1717 - 1724.
  • Benson, S., Lennard, C., Maynard, P., Hill, D., Andrew, A., Neal, K., Stuart-Williams, H., Hope, J., Stewart Walker, G. and Roux, C. (2010), 'Forensic analysis of explosives using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Part 2: Forensic inter-laboratory trial : bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in a range of chemical compounds (Australia and New Zealand)', Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 55, no 1 , pp 205 - 212.
  • Chan, J., Shimmon, R., Spindler, X., Maynard, P., Lennard, C., Roux, C. and Stuart, B. (2010), 'An investigation of isatin as a potential reagent for latent fingermark detection on porous surfaces', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 60, no 3 , pp 320 - 336.
  • Spindler, X., Stoilovic, M., Lennard, C. and Lennard, A. (2009), 'Spectral variations for reaction products formed between different amino acids and latent fingermark detection reagents on a range of cellulose-based substrates', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol 59, no 3 , pp 308 - 324.
  • Colella, M., Parkinson, A., Evans, T., Lennard, C. and Roux, C. (2009), 'The recovery of latent fingermarks from evidence exposed to ionizing radiation', Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 54, no 3 , pp 583 - 590.
  • Benson, S., Lennard, C., Maynard, P., Hill, D., Andrew, A. and Roux, C. (2009), 'Forensic analysis of explosives using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) : discrimination of ammonium nitrate sources', Science and Justice, vol 49, no 2 , pp 73 - 80.
  • Maynard, P., Jenkins, J., Edey, C., Payne, G., Lennard, C., McDonagh, A. and Roux, C. (2009), 'Near infrared imaging for the improved detection of fingermarks on difficult surfaces', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol 41, no 1 , pp 43 - 62.
  • Benson, S., Lennard, C., Maynard, P., Hill, D., Andrew, A. and Roux, C. (2009), 'Forensic analysis of explosives using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) : preliminary study on TATP and PETN', Science and Justice, vol 49, no 2 , pp 81 - 86.
  • Jelly, R., Patton, E., Lennard, C., Lewis, S. and Lim, K. (2009), 'The detection of latent fingermarks on porous surfaces using amino acid sensitive reagents : a review', Analytica Chimica Acta, vol 652, no 1-2 , pp 128 - 142.

Other Publications

  • 2019, 'Fingermark Lifting And Visualization Device And Methods Of Use Thereof', Patent
  • Forensic chemistry (chemical analysis of trace evidence, including paint, fibres, hydrocarbons in fire debris, and explosive residues)
  • Fingerprint detection methods
  • Evaluation of field-portable equipment for forensic applications (on-site forensic analyses)

This information has been contributed by Professor Lennard.

Previous Projects

Title: Universal immunogenic reagents for the detection of latent fingermarks [via UTS]
Funder:
  • Australian Research Council (ACRG)
Western Researchers: Chris Lennard
Years: 2015-02-20 - 2016-06-30
ID: P00022463
Title: Validation of the GreyScan Inorganic Explosive Detector
Funder:
  • Australian Federal Police
Western Researchers: Chris Lennard and Val Spikmans
Years: 2019-04-01 - 2019-06-30
ID: P00025726
Title: Next-generation latent fingermark detection using functional nanomaterials [via UTS]
Funder:
  • Australian Research Council (ACRG)
  • Rofin Australia Pty Ltd
  • Australian Federal Police
  • Victoria Police
Western Researchers: Chris Lennard
Years: 2016-08-29 - 2020-07-01
ID: P00023508
Title: Rapid CYBERNOSE ? detection of illicit drugs and precursor chemicals [via UTS]
Funder:
  • Australian Research Council (ACRG)
  • Australian Federal Police
  • NSW Health Pathology
Western Researchers: Chris Lennard and Val Spikmans
Years: 2016-08-29 - 2020-08-28
ID: P00023509
Title: Rapid on-site identification of hazardous organics at fire scenes
Funder:
  • NSW Environmental Trust (ACRG)
Western Researchers: Val Spikmans and Chris Lennard
Years: 2016-04-01 - 2019-06-30
ID: P00022669

Western Sydney University

Locked Bag 1797
Penrith NSW 2751

ABN 53 014 069 881
CRICOS Provider No: 00917k