Doctor Leigh Sheppard

Journal Articles

• Askari, N., Jamalzadeh, M., Askari, A., Liu, N., Samali, B., Sillanpaa, M., Sheppard, L., Li, H. and Dewil, R. (2025), 'Unveiling the photocatalytic marvels : recent advances in solar heterojunctions for environmental remediation and energy harvesting', Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol 148 , pp 283 - 297.
• Macartney, S., Wuhrer, R., George, L. and Sheppard, L. (2022), 'Preparation of aluminium doped Ta3N5 films via nitridation of sputtered tantalum oxide films', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol 287 .
• Lee, J., Connolloy, J., Yang, W., Freychet, G., Wang, T., Herrera, S., Murata, S., Dasika, P., Montroni, D., Pohl, A., Zhu, C., Zhernenkov, M., Wuhrer, R., Sheppard, L., Nemoto, M., Arakaki, A., Zavattieri, P. and Kisailus, D. (2022), 'Fibrous anisotropy and mineral gradients within the radula stylus of chiton : controlled stiffness and damage tolerance in a flexible biological composite', Journal of Composite Materials, vol 57, no 4 , pp 565 - 574.
• Macartney, S., Liu, R., Wuhrer, R. and Sheppard, L. (2021), 'Chromium doping of Ta3N5 thin films via thermal nitridation of sputtered tantalum oxide films', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol 258 .
• Chen, A., Chen, W., Majidi, T., Pudadera, B., Atanacio, A., Manohar, M., Sheppard, L., Liu, R., Sorrell, C. and Koshy, P. (2021), 'Mo-doped, Cr-doped, and Mo-Cr codoped TiO2 thin-film photocatalysts by comparative sol-gel spin coating and ion implantation', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 46, no 24 , pp 12961 - 12980.
• Mofarah, S., Schreck, L., Cazorla, C., Zheng, X., Adabifiroozjaei, E., Tsounis, C., Scott, J., Shahmiri, R., Yao, Y., Abbasi, R., Wang, Y., Arandiyan, H., Sheppard, L., Wong, V., Doustkhah, E., Koshy, P. and Sorrell, C. (2021), 'Highly catalytically active CeO2-x-based heterojunction nanostructures with mixed micro/mesoporous architectures', Nanoscale, vol 13, no 14 , pp 6764 - 6771.
• Kabir, I., Sheppard, L., Shamiri, R., Koshy, P., Liu, R., Joe, W., Le, A., Lu, X., Chen, W. and Sorrell, C. (2020), 'Contamination of TiO2 thin films spin coated on borosilicate and rutile substrates', Journal of Materials Science, vol 55, no 9 , pp 3774 - 3794.
• Sheppard, L. and Wuhrer, R. (2020), 'TiO2-based homojunction photo-electrode for solar-driven water splitting', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 45, no 16 , pp 9386 - 9396.
• Kabir, I., Sheppard, L., Shahmiri, R., Liu, R., Le, A., Lu, X., Hanaor, D., Chen, W., Koshy, P. and Sorrell, C. (2020), 'Contamination of TiO2 thin films spin coated on rutile and soda-lime-silica substrates', Journal of Materials Science, vol 55, no 19 , pp 8061 - 8087.
• Sun, Q., Huston, L., Tang, C., Wei, L., Sheppard, L., Chen, H., Frankcombe, T., Bradby, J. and Liu, Y. (2020), 'Chemical synthesis and high-pressure reaction of Nb5+ monodoped rutile TiO2 nanocrystals', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 124, no 23 , pp 12808 - 12815.
• Zhou, H., Chang, L., Fu, K., Huang, H., Niu, R., Liao, X., Sheppard, L., George, L. and Martinu, L. (2020), 'Improvement of flow strength and scratch resistance of Ti/Cu nanocrystalline metal multilayer thin films by tailoring layer thickness and modulation ratio', Surface and Coatings Technology, vol 404 .
• Ren, H., Dittrich, T., Ma, H., Hart, J., Fengler, S., Chen, S., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Cao, F., Schieda, M., Ng, Y., Xie, Z., Bo, X., Koshy, P., Sheppard, L., Zhao, C. and Sorrell, C. (2019), 'Manipulation of charge transport by metallic V13O16 decorated on bismuth vanadate photoelectrochemical catalyst', Advanced Materials, vol 31, no 8 .
• Sheppard, L., Zhang, H., Liu, R., Macartney, S., Murphy, T. and Wuhrer, R. (2019), 'Reactive sputtered TixNbyNz thin films. I : basic processing relationships', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol 224 , pp 308 - 313.
• Sheppard, L., Zhang, H., Liu, R., Macartney, S., Murphy, T., Wainer, P. and Wuhrer, R. (2019), 'Reactive sputtered TixNbyN coatings. II : effect of common deposition parameters', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol 224 , pp 320 - 327.
• Fu, K., Sheppard, L., Chang, L., An, X., Yang, C. and Ye, L. (2018), 'Length-scale-dependent nanoindentation creep behaviour of Ti/Al multilayers by magnetron sputtering', Materials Characterization, vol 139 , pp 165 - 175.
• Fu, K., Sheppard, L., Chang, L., An, X., Yang, C. and Ye, L. (2018), 'Comparative study on plasticity and fracture behaviour of Ti/Al multilayers', Tribology International, vol 126 , pp 344 - 351.
• Kabir, I., Sheppard, L., Liu, R., Yao, Y., Zhu, Q., Chen, W., Koshy, P. and Sorrell, C. (2018), 'Contamination of TiO2 thin films spin coated on rutile and fused silica substrates', Surface and Coatings Technology, vol 354 , pp 369 - 382.
• Sun, Q., Cortie, D., Zhang, S., Frankcombe, T., She, G., Gao, J., Sheppard, L., Hu, W., Chen, H., Zhuo, S., Chen, D., Withers, R., McIntyre, G., Yu, D., Shi, W. and Liu, Y. (2017), 'The formation of defect-pairs for highly efficient visible-light catalysts', Advanced Materials, vol 29, no 11 .
• Hou, W., Cortez, P., Wuhrer, R., Macartney, S., Bozhilov, K., Liu, R., Sheppard, L. and Kisailus, D. (2017), 'Oriented epitaxial TiO2 nanowires for water splitting', Nanotechnology, vol 28, no 26 .
• Fu, K., An, X., Chang, L., Sheppard, L., Yang, C., Wang, H. and Ye, L. (2017), 'Ultra-high specific strength and deformation behavior of nanostructured Ti/Al multilayers', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol 50, no 36 .
• Fu, K., Chang, L., Yang, C., Sheppard, L., Wang, H., Maandal, M. and Ye, L. (2017), 'Plastic behaviour of high-strength lightweight Al/Ti multilayered films', Journal of Materials Science, vol 52, no 24 , pp 13956 - 13965.
• Yaraghi, N., Guarin-Zapata, N., Grunenfelder, L., Hintsala, E., Bhowmick, S., Hiller, J., Betts, M., Principe, E., Jung, J., Sheppard, L., Wuhrer, R., McKittrick, J., Zavattieri, P. and Kisailus, D. (2016), 'A sinusoidally architected helicoidal biocomposite', Advanced Materials, vol 28, no 32 , pp 6835 - 6844.
• Yaraghi, N., Guarin-Zapata, N., Grunenfelder, L., Hintsala, E., Bhowmick, S., Hiller, J., Betts, M., Principe, E., Jung, J., Sheppard, L., Wuhrer, R., McKittrick, J., Zavattieri, P. and Kisailus, D. (2016), 'A sinusoidally architected helicoidal biocomposite', Advanced Materials, vol 28, no 32 , pp 6835 - 6844.
• Chen, H., Chen, W., Koshy, P., Adabifiroozjaei, E., Liu, R., Sheppard, L. and Sorrell, C. (2016), 'Effect of tungsten-doping on the properties and photocatalytic performance of titania thin films on glass substrates', Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol 67 , pp 202 - 210.
• Sheppard, L. (2016), 'Water sport', Ecogeneration, vol 97 , pp 40 - 43.
• Sheppard, L., Hager, S., Holik, J., Liu, R., Macartney, S. and Wuhrer, R. (2015), 'Tantalum segregation in Ta-Doped TiO2 and the related impact on charge separation during illumination', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 119, no 1 , pp 392 - 400.
• Goetz, I., Liu, R., Wuhrer, R. and Sheppard, L. (2015), 'Aluminium and tantalum doping of sputtered TiO2 thin films', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol 21, no Suppl 3 , pp 1799 - 1800.
• Bello Lamo, M., Williams, P., Reece, P., Lumpkin, G. and Sheppard, L. (2014), 'Study of gamma irradiation effect on commercial TiO2 photocatalyst', Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol 89 , pp 25 - 29.
• Sheppard, L., Holik, J., Liu, R., Macartney, S. and Wuhrer, R. (2014), 'Tantalum enrichment in tantalum-doped titanium dioxide', Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 97, no 12 , pp 3793 - 3799.
• Holik, J., Bello Lamo, M., Ding, R., Lee, J., Li, S., Wang, D., Wuhrer, R. and Sheppard, L. (2014), 'Development of sputtered films for solar-hydrogen production at UWS Hawkesbury', Materials Australia, vol 47, no 1 , pp 20 - 21.
• Sheppard, L., Bello Lamo, M., Holik, J., Mayfield, K. and Nelson, D. (2013), 'Solute diffusion of platinum in rutile titanium dioxide', Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 96, no 2 , pp 407 - 411.
• Sheppard, L. (2013), 'Niobium surface segregation in polycrystalline niobium-doped titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 117, no 7 , pp 3407 - 3413.
• Sheppard, L., Dittrich, T. and Nowotny, M. (2012), 'The impact of niobium surface segregation on charge separation in niobium-doped titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 116, no 39 , pp 20923 - 20929.
• Sheppard, L., Dittrich, T., Nowotny, J. and Bak, T. (2010), 'Surface photovoltage studies of nonstoichiometric rutile titanium dioxide', Applied Physics Letters, vol 96, no 7 .
• Nowotny, M., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Sheppard, L. (2010), 'Semiconducting properties of single crystal TiO2 in the n-p transition region', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol 46, no 1 , pp 27 - 30.
• Sheppard, L., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Prince, K. (2009), 'Niobium diffusion in niobium-doped titanium dioxide', Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, vol 13, no 7 , pp 1115 - 1121.
• Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2009), 'Dynamics of TiO2-based photoelectrochemical cell', Ionics, vol 15, no 6 , pp 671 - 679.
• Hossain, F., Murch, G., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2008), 'Optical properties of anatase and rutile titanium dioxide : an initio calculations for pure and anion-doped materials', Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol 69 , pp 1820 - 2828.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Effect of cooling on electrical conductivity of titanium dioxide', Physica Status Solidi (b), vol 245 , pp 1816 - 1827.
• Bak, T., Nowotny, M., Nowotny, J. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Effect of prolonged oxidation on the semiconducting properties of titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry (C), vol 112 , pp 13248 - 13257.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Mobility of electronic charge carriers in titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 12981 - 12987.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Defect chemistry and electrical conductivity of titanium dioxide. 1 : defect diagrams', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112, no 2 , pp 590 - 601.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Defect chemistry and electrical conductivity of titanium dioxide. 2 : effect of aliovalent ions', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 602 - 610.
• Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2008), 'Electrical properties of niobium doped titanium dioxide III : thermoelectric power', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 611 - 617.
• Nowotny, M., Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2008), 'Defect chemistry of titanium dioxide : application of defect engineering in processing TiO2-based photocatalysts', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 5275 - 5300.
• Bak, T., Nowotny, M., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2008), 'Charge transport in Cr-doped titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112, no 18 , pp 7255 - 7262.
• Sheppard, L., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Nowotny, M. (2008), 'Effect of oxygen activity on niobium segregation in niobium-doped titanium dioxide', Australasian Ceramic Society. Journal, vol 44, no 2 , pp 63 - 67.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, M. (2008), 'Reactivity of titanium dioxide with oxygen at room temperature and the related charge transfer', American Chemical Society. Journal, vol 130, no 30 , pp 9984 - 9993.
• Tributsch, H., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Photoreactivity models for titanium dioxide with water', Energy Materials, vol 3, no 3 , pp 158 - 168.
• Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Defect engineering of titanium dioxide', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol 44, no 2 , pp 63 - 67.
• Sheppard, L., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2007), 'Application of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in Studies of Niobium Segregation in Niobium-Doped Titanium Dioxide', Australasian Ceramic Society. Journal, vol 43, no 2 , pp 92 - 97.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Defect chemistry of titanium dioxide effect of interfaces', Australasian Ceramic Society. Journal, vol 43, no 1 , pp 49 - 55.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen I. Functional properties', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2609 - 2629.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen II. Defect chemistry', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2630 - 2643.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen III: Kinetic effects at elevated temperatures', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2644 - 2650.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen IV. Collective and local factors in photoreactivity', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2651 - 2659.
• Sheppard, L., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Nowotny, M. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen V. Metallic-type conduction of Nb-doped TiO2', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2660 - 2663.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Burg, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Effect of Grain Boundaries on Semiconducting Properties of TiO2 at Elevated Temperatures', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials and Interfaces, vol 111, no 27 , pp 9769 - 9778.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Sheppard, L. and Sorrell, C. (2007), 'Solar-Hydrogen: A Solid-State Chemistry Perspective', Advances in Solar Energy, vol 17, no 0 , pp 169 - 215.
• Sheppard, L. (2007), '75 Years of Climate Change, & Renewable Research Unchanged', AQ: Australian Quarterly, vol 79 , pp 45 - 47.
• Sheppard, L., Atanacio, T., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2007), 'Bulk Diffusion of Niobium in Single Crystal TiO2', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 111 , pp 8126 - 8130.
• Hossain, F., Murch, G., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Ab initio electronic structure calculation of oxygen vacancies in rutile titanium dioxide', Solid State Ionics, vol 178, no 40699 , pp 319 - 325.
• Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Materials for Hydrogen Energy', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 1-2 .
• Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Materials for photoelectrochemical energy conversion', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 9 - 20.
• Sugihara, S. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Development and basic study of TiO2 coatings', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 45 - 48.
• Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Reactivity of TiO2 with water and oxygen: surface science perspective', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 1-2 , pp 49 - 56.
• Burg, T., Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Sheppard, L. and Sorrell, C. (2007), 'Effect of sintering on microstructure of TiO2 ceramics', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 1-2 , pp 57 - 62.
• Nakajima, T., Sheppard, L., Atanacio, A., Prince, K. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Niobium segregation in TiO2', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 82 - 88.
• Sheppard, L., Zhou, M., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2007), 'Determination of niobium diffusion in titania and zirconia using secondary ion mass spectrometry', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 89 - 94.
• Hossain, F., Murch, G., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Reactivity of ideal and defected rutile TiO2 (110) surface with oxygen', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 95 - 100.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'TiO2 Surface Active Sites for Water Splitting', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 37 , pp 18492 - 18495.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'Defect Disorder of Titanium Dioxide', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 43 , pp 21560 - 21567.
• Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'Chemical diffusion in metal oxides. Example of TiO2', Ionics: international journal of ionics, vol 12, no 3 , pp 227 - 243.
• Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'Reactivity at the oxygen/titania interface and the related charge transfer', Ionics: international journal of ionics, vol 12, no 40667 , pp 247 - 251.
• Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical Properties of Niobium-Doped Titanium Dioxide. I. Defect Disorder', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 45 , pp 22447 - 22454.
• Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical Properties of Niobium-Doped Titanium Dioxide. II. Equilibration Kinetics', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 45 , pp 22455 - 22461.
• Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Metallic TiO2', Physica Status Solidi. A: Applications and Materials, vol 203 .
• Sheppard, L., Barnes, M., Kumar, S., Gerson, A., Ball, C., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Sorrell, C. (2006), 'Effect of Nb on the Structure of TiO2 Thin Films', Thin Solid Films, vol 510 , pp 119 - 124.
• Murch, G., Hossain, F., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'The effect of defect disorder on the electronic structure of rutile TiO2-x', Defect and Diffusion Forum, vol 251-252, no 0 , pp 1 - 12.
• Nowotny, J., Sorrell, C., Sheppard, L. and Bak, T. (2005), 'Solar-hydrogen: Environmentally safe fuel for the future', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 30, no 5 , pp 521 - 544.
• Nowotny, J., Sorrell, C., Bak, T. and Sheppard, L. (2005), 'Solar-hydrogen: Unresolved problems in solid-state science', Solar Energy, vol 78, no 5 , pp 593 - 602.
• Bak, T., Burg, T., Kang, S., Nowotny, J., Rekas, M., Sheppard, L., Sorrell, C., Vance, E., Yoshida, Y. and Yamawaki, M. (2003), 'Charge Transport in Polycrystalline Titanium Dioxide', Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol 64, no 7 , pp 1089 - 1095.