Associate Professor Tad Bak

Associate Professor,
Computing & ICT

Biography
Contact
Publications
Projects
Teaching

Biography

1992-1995: Research Associate, Institute of Materials Science and Ceramics, University of Science and Technology (AGH), Cracow, Poland 1995-2008: Research Fellow, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia From 2008: Associate Professor, School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia

This information has been contributed by Associate Professor Bak.

Qualifications

GradDipIT University of Newcastle (NSW)
PhDTechSci Stanislaw Staszic Academy of Mining Metallurgy Pol
CertTeach Stanislaw Staszic Academy of Mining Metallurgy Pol
MEngMatTech Stanislaw Staszic Academy of Mining Metallurgy Pol

Organisational Unit (School / Division)

Computing & ICT

Contact

Email:	T.Bak@westernsydney.edu.au
Phone:	(02) 4620 3808
Mobile:
Location:	16.G.30 Campbelltown

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Teaching

Previous Teaching Areas

300579 Professional Experience, 2022
300580 Programming Fundamentals, 2022

Publications

Chapters in Books

Black, D., Bak, T., Dodson, J., Hasan, M., Moffitt, M., Rahman, K. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Environmentally clean energy', Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Elsevier 9780124095489.
Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Rahman, K. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Defect engineering of photosensitive oxide materials. Example of TiO2 solid solutions', Materials for Sustainable Energy, Academic Press 9780128150771.
Alim, M. and Bak, T. (2016), 'Basic concepts of solar-to-chemical energy conversion by oxide semiconductors', Oxide Semiconductors for Solar-to-Chemical Energy Conversion, Trans Tech 9783038357070.
Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Chu, D., Ionescu, M. and Nowotny, J. (2014), 'Segregation-induced low-dimensional surface structures in oxide semiconductors', Handbook of Nanomaterials Properties, Springer 9783642311062.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Li, W. (2014), 'Solar photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen', Handbook of Hydrogen Energy, CRC Press 9781420054477.
Nowotny, J., Sorrell, C., Bak, T. and Sheppard, L. (2005), 'Defect Disorder, Transport, and Photo-electrochemical Properties of Titanium Dioxide', Materials for Energy Conversion Devices, Woodhead Publishing Ltd 9781855739321.

Journal Articles

Nowotny, J. and Bak, T. (2020), 'Electron probe for surface science and surface defect engineering of oxide semiconductors for energy conversion', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 124, no 38 , pp 20617 - 20642.
Nowotny, J. and Bak, T. (2020), 'Surface versus bulk defect-related properties of the wustite phase (FeO) in gas/solid equilibrium', ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol 3, no 10 , pp 9809 - 9816.
Rahman, K., Sharma, N., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Wachsman, E., Moffitt, M. and Nowotny, J. (2019), 'Chromium segregation in Cr-doped TiO2 (rutile) : impact of oxygen activity', Ionics, vol 25, no 7 , pp 3363 - 3372.
Bak, T., Wachsman, E., Prince, K., Rahman, K. and Nowotny, J. (2019), 'In-situ surface monitoring of charge transfer during oxidation of zirconia at elevated temperatures', ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol 2, no 4 , pp 2810 - 2817.
Nowotny, J., Dodson, J., Fiechter, S., Gur, T., Kennedy, B., Macyk, W., Bak, T., Sigmund, W., Yamawaki, M. and Rahman, K. (2018), 'Towards global sustainability : education on environmentally clean energy technologies', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol 81, no Part 2 , pp 2541 - 2551.
Rahman, K., Bak, T., Atanacio, A., Ionescu, M., Liu, R. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Towards sustainable energy : photocatalysis of Cr-doped TiO2. 5. : effect of segregation on surface versus bulk composition', Ionics, vol 24, no 4 , pp 1211 - 1219.
Rahman, K., Bak, T., Atanacio, A., Ionescu, M. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Toward sustainable energy : photocatalysis of Cr-doped TiO2: 2. effect of defect disorder', Ionics, vol 24, no 2 , pp 327 - 341.
Rahman, K., Bak, T., Atanacio, A., Ionescu, M. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Toward sustainable energy : photocatalysis of Cr-doped TiO2: 1. electronic structure', Ionics, vol 24, no 2 , pp 309 - 325.
Rahman, K., Atanacio, A., Ionescu, M., Davis, J., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Towards sustainable energy : photocatalysis of Cr-doped TiO2. 4. : electrochemical coupling', Ionics, vol 24, no 3 , pp 873 - 881.
Rahman, K., Bak, T., Atanacio, A., Ionescu, M. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Towards sustainable energy : photocatalysis of Cr-doped TiO2: 3 : effect of oxygen activity', Ionics, vol 24, no 3 , pp 861 - 872.
Bak, T., Gur, T., Sharma, V., Dodson, J., Rahman, K. and Nowotny, J. (2018), 'Evidence of low-dimensional surface structures for oxide materials : impact on energy conversion', ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol 1, no 11 , pp 6469 - 6476.
Alim, M., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Ionescu, M. and Nowotny, J. (2017), 'Segregation in titanium dioxide co-doped with indium and niobium', Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 100, no 1 , pp 419 - 428.
Alim, M., Bak, T., Atanacio, A., Ionescu, M., Kennedy, B., Price, W., Du Plessis, J., Pourmahdavi, M., Zhou, M., Torres, A. and Nowotny, J. (2017), 'Photocatalytic properties of Ta-doped TiO2', Ionics, vol 23, no 12 , pp 3517 - 3531.
Alim, M., Bak, T., Atanacio, A., Du Plessis, J., Zhou, M., Davis, J. and Nowotny, J. (2017), 'Electrical conductivity and defect disorder of tantalum-doped TiO2', Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 100, no 9 , pp 4088 - 4100.
Li, W., Bak, T., Atanacio, A. and Nowotny, J. (2016), 'Photocatalytic properties of TiO2 : effect of niobium and oxygen activity on partial water oxidation', Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol 198 , pp 243 - 253.
Nowotny, J., Hoshino, T., Dodson, J., Atanacio, A., Ionescu, M., Peterson, V., Prince, K., Bak, T., Sigmund, W., Veziroglu, T. and Alim, M. (2016), 'Towards sustainable energy : generation of hydrogen fuel using nuclear energy', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 41, no 30 , pp 12812 - 12825.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Dickey, E., Sigmund, W. and Alim, M. (2016), 'Electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power and equilibration kinetics of Nb-doped TiO2', Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol 120, no 34 , pp 6822 - 6837.
Jayamaha, U., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Liu, R. (2015), 'Effect of oxygen activity on chromium segregation in Cr-doped TiO2 single crystal', Ionics, .
Nowotny, J., Li, W. and Bak, T. (2015), 'Effect of oxygen activity on semiconducting properties of TiO2 (rutile)', Ionics, .
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Alim, M. (2015), 'Dual mechanism of indium incorporation into TiO2 (rutile)', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, .
Nowotny, J., Alim, M., Bak, T., Atanacio, A. and Malik, A. (2015), 'Electrical properties and defect chemistry of indium-doped TiO2 : thermoelectric power', Ionics, vol 21, no 7 , pp 2019 - 2029.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Alim, M. (2015), 'Semiconducting properties and defect disorder of titanium dioxide', ECS Transactions, vol 64, no 46 , pp 11 - 28.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Ionescu, M. and Alim, M. (2015), 'Electrical properties and defect chemistry of In-doped TiO2 in terms of Jonker formalism', Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol 119, no 17 , pp 4032 - 4040.
Bak, T., Li, W., Nowotny, J., Atanacio, A. and Davis, J. (2015), 'Photocatalytic properties of TiO2 : evidence of the key role of surface active sites in water oxidation', Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol 119, no 36 , pp 9465 - 9473.
Nowotny, J., Alim, M., Bak, T., Idris, M., Ionescu, M., Prince, K., Sahdan, M., Sopian, K., Teridi, M. and Sigmund, W. (2015), 'Defect chemistry and defect engineering of TiO2-based semiconductors for solar energy conversion', Chemical Society Reviews, vol 44, no 23 , pp 8424 - 8442.
Bak, T., Chu, D., Francis, A., Li, W. and Nowotny, J. (2014), 'Concentration of electrons at grain boundaries in TiO2 (rutile) : impact on charge transport and reactivity', Catalysis Today, .
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Chu, D., Fiechter, S., Murch, G. and Veziroglu, T. (2014), 'Sustainable practices : solar hydrogen fuel and education program on sustainable energy systems', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 39, no 9 , pp 4151 - 4157.
Atanacio, A., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2014), 'Niobium segregation in niobium-doped titanium dioxide (rutile)', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 118, no 21 , pp 11174 - 11185.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Alim, M. (2014), 'Defect disorder of TiO2 equilibrium constant for the formation of oxygen vacancies', ECS Solid State Letters, vol 3, no 11 , pp 71 - 75.
Nowotny, J., Malik, A., Alim, M., Bak, T. and Atanacio, A. (2014), 'Electrical properties and defect chemistry of indium-doped TiO2 : electrical conductivity', ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, vol 3, no 10 , pp 330 - 339.
Ionescu, M., Atanacio, A., Davies, J., Nowotny, J., Gregg, D., Vance, L. and Bak, T. (2014), 'Surface modifications of TiO2 by ion implantation', Materials Science Forum, vol 783-786 , pp 1674 - 1679.
Wu, M., Bak, T., O'Doherty, P., Moffitt, M., Nowotny, J., Bailey, T. and Kersaitis, C. (2014), 'Photocatalysis of titanium dioxide for water disinfection : challenges and future perspectives', International Journal of Photochemistry, vol 2014 .
Nowotny, J., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Belova, I., Fiechter, S., Ikuma, Y., Ionescu, M., Kennedy, B., Majewski, P., Murch, G. and Wachsman, E. (2014), 'Photosensitive oxide semiconductors for solar hydrogen fuel and water disinfection', International Materials Reviews, vol 59, no 8 , pp 449 - 478.
Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2013), 'Diffusion kinetics of indium in TiO2 (rutile)', Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol 96, no 5 , pp 1366 - 1371.
Idris, M., Bak, T., Li, S. and Nowotny, J. (2012), 'Effect of segregation on surface and near-surface chemistry of yttria-stabilized zirconia', Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials, Interfaces and Hard Matter, vol 116, no 20 , pp 10950 - 10958.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Sucher, N. and Wachsman, E. (2012), 'Photocatalytic water disinfection on oxide semiconductors. Part 1, Basic concepts of TiO2 photocatalysis', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 111, no 1-2 , pp 4 - 15.
Atanacio, A., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2012), 'Effect of indium segregation on the surface versus bulk chemistry for indium-doped TiO2', ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, vol 4, no 12 , pp 6626 - 6634.
Bak, T., Bogdanoff, P., Fiechter, S. and Nowotny, J. (2012), 'Defect engineering of titanium dioxide : full defect disorder', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 111, no 1-2 , pp 62 - 71.
Sucher, N., Carles, M., Nowotny, J. and Bak, T. (2012), 'Photocatalytic water disinfection on oxide semiconductors. Part 2, Structure, functional properties and reactivity of macrobial agents', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 111, no 1-2 , pp 16 - 33.
Fiechter, S., Bogdanoff, P., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2012), 'Basic concepts of photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion systems', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 111, no 1-2 , pp 39 - 43.
Bak, T., Guo, Z., Li, W., Atanacio, A. and Nowotny, J. (2012), 'Chemically-induced electric field : flat band potential engineering', Proceedings of SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering, vol 8469 .
Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2011), 'Reactivity of rutile with oxygen and hydrogen and related charge transfer', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 115, no 31 , pp 15345 - 15354.
Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2011), 'Semiconducting properties of oxidized and reduced polycrystalline TiO 2. Jonker analysis', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 115, no 19 , pp 9746 - 9752.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Sucher, N. and Wachsman, E. (2011), 'Effect of crystal imperfections on reactivity and photoreactivity of TiO2 (Rutile) with oxygen, water, and bacteria', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 115, no 32 , pp 15711 - 15738.
Bak, T., Norby, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Sucher, N. (2010), 'Titanium dioxide photocatalyst : unresolved problems', Solid State Phenomena, vol 162, no 0 , pp 77 - 90.
Nowotny, J., Norby, T. and Bak, T. (2010), 'Reactivity between titanium dioxide and water at elevated temperatures', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 114, no 42 , pp 18215 - 18221.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Nguyen, Q. (2010), 'Titanium dioxide photocatalysts : performance-related properties', Diffusion and Defect Data (Part B: Solid State Phenomena), vol 162, no 0 , pp 329 - 335.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Stranger, J. (2010), 'Electrical properties of TiO2 : equilibrium vs dynamic electrical conductivity', Ionics, vol 16, no 8 , pp 673 - 679.
Sheppard, L., Dittrich, T., Nowotny, J. and Bak, T. (2010), 'Surface photovoltage studies of nonstoichiometric rutile titanium dioxide', Applied Physics Letters, vol 96, no 7 .
Nowotny, M., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Sheppard, L. (2010), 'Semiconducting properties of single crystal TiO2 in the n-p transition region', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol 46, no 1 , pp 27 - 30.
Sheppard, L., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Prince, K. (2009), 'Niobium diffusion in niobium-doped titanium dioxide', Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, vol 13, no 7 , pp 1115 - 1121.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2009), 'Dynamics of TiO2-based photoelectrochemical cell', Ionics, vol 15, no 6 , pp 671 - 679.
Nowotny, J. and Bak, T. (2009), 'TiO2-based photosensitive oxide semiconductors for solar hydrogen', Proceedings of SPIE: The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol 7408 .
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Effect of cooling on electrical conductivity of titanium dioxide', Physica Status Solidi (b), vol 245 , pp 1816 - 1827.
Bak, T., Nowotny, M., Nowotny, J. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Effect of prolonged oxidation on the semiconducting properties of titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry (C), vol 112 , pp 13248 - 13257.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Mobility of electronic charge carriers in titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 12981 - 12987.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Defect chemistry and electrical conductivity of titanium dioxide. 1 : defect diagrams', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112, no 2 , pp 590 - 601.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Defect chemistry and electrical conductivity of titanium dioxide. 2 : effect of aliovalent ions', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 602 - 610.
Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2008), 'Electrical properties of niobium doped titanium dioxide III : thermoelectric power', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 611 - 617.
Nowotny, M., Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2008), 'Defect chemistry of titanium dioxide : application of defect engineering in processing TiO2-based photocatalysts', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112 , pp 5275 - 5300.
Bak, T., Nowotny, M., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, J. (2008), 'Charge transport in Cr-doped titanium dioxide', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol 112, no 18 , pp 7255 - 7262.
Sheppard, L., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Nowotny, M. (2008), 'Effect of oxygen activity on niobium segregation in niobium-doped titanium dioxide', Australasian Ceramic Society. Journal, vol 44, no 2 , pp 63 - 67.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Sheppard, L. and Nowotny, M. (2008), 'Reactivity of titanium dioxide with oxygen at room temperature and the related charge transfer', American Chemical Society. Journal, vol 130, no 30 , pp 9984 - 9993.
Tributsch, H., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Photoreactivity models for titanium dioxide with water', Energy Materials, vol 3, no 3 , pp 158 - 168.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2008), 'Defect engineering of titanium dioxide', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol 44, no 2 , pp 63 - 67.
Sheppard, L., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2007), 'Application of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry in Studies of Niobium Segregation in Niobium-Doped Titanium Dioxide', Australasian Ceramic Society. Journal, vol 43, no 2 , pp 92 - 97.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Defect chemistry of titanium dioxide effect of interfaces', Australasian Ceramic Society. Journal, vol 43, no 1 , pp 49 - 55.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Electrical conductivity of TiO2 within n-p transition Part I -Verification of defect disorder model', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 1-2 , pp 63 - 70.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Electrical conductivity of TiO2 within n-p transition Part II -Electrical conductivity components', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 1-2 , pp 71 - 76.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen I. Functional properties', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2609 - 2629.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen II. Defect chemistry', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2630 - 2643.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen III: Kinetic effects at elevated temperatures', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2644 - 2650.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen IV. Collective and local factors in photoreactivity', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2651 - 2659.
Sheppard, L., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Nowotny, M. (2007), 'Titanium dioxide for solar-hydrogen V. Metallic-type conduction of Nb-doped TiO2', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 32, no 14 , pp 2660 - 2663.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Burg, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2007), 'Effect of Grain Boundaries on Semiconducting Properties of TiO2 at Elevated Temperatures', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C: Nanomaterials and Interfaces, vol 111, no 27 , pp 9769 - 9778.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Sheppard, L. and Sorrell, C. (2007), 'Solar-Hydrogen: A Solid-State Chemistry Perspective', Advances in Solar Energy, vol 17, no 0 , pp 169 - 215.
Sheppard, L., Atanacio, T., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2007), 'Bulk Diffusion of Niobium in Single Crystal TiO2', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 111 , pp 8126 - 8130.
Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2007), 'Reactivity of TiO2 with water and oxygen: surface science perspective', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 1-2 , pp 49 - 56.
Burg, T., Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Sheppard, L. and Sorrell, C. (2007), 'Effect of sintering on microstructure of TiO2 ceramics', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 1-2 , pp 57 - 62.
Sheppard, L., Zhou, M., Atanacio, A., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2007), 'Determination of niobium diffusion in titania and zirconia using secondary ion mass spectrometry', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 89 - 94.
Grzesik, Z., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Henry, B. (2007), 'Chemical diffusion in amphoteric oxide semiconductors', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 77 - 81.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Burg, T. (2007), 'Electrical properties of polycrystalline TiO2: Equilibration kinetics', Ionics, vol 13, no 2 , pp 71 - 78.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Burg, T. (2007), 'Electrical properties of polycrystalline TiO2. Prolonged oxidation kinetics', Ionics, vol 13, no 2 , pp 79 - 82.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Burg, T. (2007), 'Electrical properties of polycrystalline TiO2 at elevated temperatures. Electrical conductivity', Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research, vol 244, no 6 , pp 2037 - 2054.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Burg, T. (2007), 'Electrical properties of polycrystalline TiO2. Thermoelectric power', Ionics, vol 13, no 3 , pp 155 - 162.
Bak, T., Burg, T., Nowotny, J. and Blennerhassett, P. (2007), 'Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of CaTiO3 at n-p transition', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 106, no 40575 , pp 101 - 104.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical Properties and Defect Chemistry of TiO2 Single Crystal. IV. Prolonged Oxidation Kinetics and Chemical Diffusion', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 33 , pp 16302 - 16308.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'TiO2 Surface Active Sites for Water Splitting', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 37 , pp 18492 - 18495.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'Defect Disorder of Titanium Dioxide', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 43 , pp 21560 - 21567.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'Chemical diffusion in metal oxides. Example of TiO2', Ionics: international journal of ionics, vol 12, no 3 , pp 227 - 243.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'Reactivity at the oxygen/titania interface and the related charge transfer', Ionics: international journal of ionics, vol 12, no 40667 , pp 247 - 251.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical properties and defect chemistry of TiO2 single crystal. I. electrical conductivity', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 33 , pp 16270 - 16282.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical Properties and Defect Chemistry of TiO2 Single Crystal. II. Thermoelectric Power', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 33 , pp 16283 - 16291.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical Properties and Defect Chemistry of TiO2 Single Crystal. III. Equilibration Kinetics and Chemical Diffusion', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 33 , pp 16293 - 16301.
Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical Properties of Niobium-Doped Titanium Dioxide. I. Defect Disorder', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 45 , pp 22447 - 22454.
Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Electrical Properties of Niobium-Doped Titanium Dioxide. II. Equilibration Kinetics', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part B: Condensed Matter, Materials, Surfaces, Interfaces & Biophysical, vol 110, no 45 , pp 22455 - 22461.
Sheppard, L., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Metallic TiO2', Physica Status Solidi. A: Applications and Materials, vol 203 .
Sheppard, L., Barnes, M., Kumar, S., Gerson, A., Ball, C., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Sorrell, C. (2006), 'Effect of Nb on the Structure of TiO2 Thin Films', Thin Solid Films, vol 510 , pp 119 - 124.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T., Nowotny, J. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Titanium Vacancies in Nonstoichiometric TiO2 Single Crystal', Physica Status Solidi. B: Basic Research, vol 242, no 11 .
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Equilibration Kinetics of TiO2 Single Crystal at Elevated Temperatures', Physica Status Solidi. B: Basic Research, vol 242, no 11 .
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge Transfer at the Oxygen/Zirconia Interface at Elevated Temperatures, Part 1: Basic Properties and Terms', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 147 - 153.
Nowotny, J., Sorrell, C., Sheppard, L. and Bak, T. (2005), 'Solar-hydrogen: Environmentally safe fuel for the future', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 30, no 5 , pp 521 - 544.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 2: Oxidation of zirconia', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 154 - 164.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 3: Segregation induced interface properties', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 165 - 173.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 4: Work function v. defect chemistry', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 174 - 180.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 5: Reactivity models', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 181 - 187.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 6: Work function measurements', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 188 - 194.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 7: Effect of surface processing', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 195 - 199.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 8: Effect of temperature', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 200 - 205.
Nowotny, M., Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Sorrell, C., Prince, K. and Kang, S. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 9: Room temperature', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 206 - 213.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 10: Effect of platinum', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 214 - 222.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 11: Effect of surface doping with calcium', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 223 - 228.
Nowotny, J., Bak, T. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Charge transfer at oxygen/zirconia interface at elevated temperatures Part 12: Summary', Advances in Applied Ceramics, vol 104, no 4 , pp 229 - 231.
Yamawaki, M., Bak, T., Nowotny, M., Nowotny, J. and Sorrell, C. (2005), 'Application of the high-temperature Kelvin probe for in situ monitoring of the charge transfer at the oxygen/zirconia interface. Oxygen chemisorption isobar', Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol 66, no 40635 , pp 322 - 328.
Nowotny, J., Sorrell, C., Bak, T. and Sheppard, L. (2005), 'Solar-hydrogen: Unresolved problems in solid-state science', Solar Energy, vol 78, no 5 , pp 593 - 602.
Nowotny, J., Sorrell, C. and Bak, T. (2005), 'Segregation in zirconia: Equilibrium versus non-equilibrium segregation', Surface and Interface Analysis, vol 37, no 3 , pp 316 - 324.
Bak, T., Burg, T., Kang, S., Nowotny, J., Rekas, M., Sheppard, L., Sorrell, C., Vance, E., Yoshida, Y. and Yamawaki, M. (2003), 'Charge Transport in Polycrystalline Titanium Dioxide', Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol 64, no 7 , pp 1089 - 1095.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Rekas, M. and Sorrell, C. (2002), 'Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. Materials-related aspects', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 27, no 10 , pp 991 - 1022.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Rekas, M. and Sorrell, C. (2002), 'Photo-electrochemical properties of the TiO2-Pt system in aqueous solutions', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol 27, no 1 , pp 19 - 26.

Conference Papers

Nowotny, M., Bak, T. and Nowotny, J. (2006), 'Defect Disorder and Semiconducting Properties of Titanium Dioxide Single Crystal', Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering: Solar hydrogen and nanotechnology. Conference, .
Nowotny, J., Bak, T., Nowotny, M. and Sheppard, L. (2006), 'Application of Defect Chemistry for Engineering of Photosensitive Oxide Semiconductors', Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering: Solar hydrogen and nanotechnology. Conference, .
Sheppard, L., Bak, T., Atanacio, T., Nowotny, J. and Prince, K. (2006), 'Effect of Niobium Segregation on the Surface Properties of Titanium Dioxide', Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering: Solar hydrogen and nanotechnology. Conference, .

Research on materials for energy conversion systems. Particular focus on oxide semiconductors for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. Possible applications include the generation of green hydrogen by water splitting and purification of air and water from organic and biological contamination.